Transitive: a verb accompanied by a direct object, which is done by an active agent and from which a passive can be formed. they often show a continued or progressive action on the part of the active agent.
Intransitive: a verb which does not take a direct object and is not accompanied by a direct object. They have no duration and no distinguished end point. They express a state or condition.
Examples of Transitive Verbs: to eat, to see, to hit, to push. As you can tell, they all need a direct object. I ate an apple; he saw a pig; she hit the dog; they pushed the table.
Examples of Intransitive Verbs: to know, to be, to wonder. As you can tell, they cannot have a direct object. I know how to play tennis. I am British. I wonder what to do.
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What does this has to do with で and に?
- に is used only with used with stative verbs.
- で used by dynamic verbs to convey a the place of action, rather than the place of being.
Hang on, stative and dynamic aren't Intransitive and Transitive! I still don't get what they have to do with で and に.
Most stative verbs are intransitive, most dynamic verbs are intransitive. In fact, for now you can just say they are!
に: I'm at school: 学校にいる。
で: I'm eating at school: 私は学校で食べている。
Oh, and by the way, (and just in case if you have't figured it out already) で and に both mean in or at.
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